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TL PhD Comprehensive Exam
  • Introduction
  • Tasklist
  • 1. Basics
    • 1.1 Basic Biology Review
    • 1.2 Basic Genetics Review
    • 1.3 Light & Photosynthesis
  • 2. Coral Biology
    • 2.1 Basic Coral Biology
      • 2.1a Food Webs
    • 2.2 Reef Structure
    • 2.3 Growth & Reproduction
    • 2.4 Morphology
    • 2.5 Physiology
    • 2.6 Mixotrophy & Energy
    • 2.7 Symbiosis
    • 2.8 Reef Mortality
      • 2.8a Conservation
  • 3. Ecology & Evolution
    • 3.1 Evolution & Plasticity
    • 3.2 General Ecology
    • 3.3 Species
    • 3.4 Cryptic Species
  • 4. Isotopes
    • 4.1 Isotope Basics
      • 4.1a Instrumentation & methodology
      • 4.1b Environmental O & H
      • 4.1c Environmental C and N
      • 4.1d Organismal Isotopes
    • 4.2 Fractionation in Corals
    • 4.3 Trophic Niche Analysis
    • 4.4 CSIA
      • 4.4a C: Essential vs. Nonessential
      • 4.4b N: Trophic vs. Source
  • 5. Other
    • 5.1 Science & Society
    • 5.2 Stats
  • 6. Summary & Resources
    • 6.1 Glossary
    • 6.2 Resources
    • 6.3 Questions From Exam
    • 6.4 Recommendations & Reflections
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  1. 4. Isotopes
  2. 4.1 Isotope Basics

4.1b Environmental O & H

Last updated 1 year ago

Mechanisms of O and H fractionation

The water cycle

  • Pools: groundwater, soil, ocean, biomass, atmosphere/air, clouds

  • Fluxes: evaporation/condensation, transpiration, root uptake, precipitation, advection, sublimation, percolation, infiltration

Temperature Effect: Precipitation isotope delta values decrease as temperature increases

  • Salinity is a good predictor of O values in the ocean because evaporation and circulation drive both

Continental effect / distance from source: precipitation isotope delta values decrease with distance from source (the ocean)

Latitudinal / Altitude effect: precipitation isotope delta values decrease with increasing latitude or altitude

Amount Effect: Precipitation isotope delta values decrease with increasing raingall because they rain out. Generally follos Rayleigh model

Isoscape Uses:

  • Tracing movement (sea or land)

  • Archives of past climate / paleo-climate

  • Tracing origins of water

  • Trace water-rock reactions (like hydrothermal vents)

References

Gat 1996

Summary of environmental fractionation, mostly of soil and atmosphere